chemistry is the study of electrons,reaction其實也就只不過是transfer of electrons reactivity of metals 不是由no. of occupied electron shell和no. of outermost electrons所決定 而應該是the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost shell electrons
用回你應該比較熟悉的potassium VS calcium potassium當然比calcium更為reactive 你可能會說,因為potassium比calcium少一粒outermost electron 但其實我們可以應解為,因為calcium nucleus的charge比potassium的高,而所增加的electron根outermost electron同在同一個shell,increase in nuclear charge outweigh shielding effect,outermost electron of calcium所受到的引力大了,所以更難ionize,令calcium沒potassium如此reactive